Electricity Saver

Power Saver

2008-07-08T07:55:00.000-07:00

Organisations today demand more energy to power an increasing array of products and labour-saving devices in homes, schools, and workplaces. Energy saving and efficiency systems address our building energy consumption, and yield significant long-term financial rewards.

Power Saver uses advanced German Electrical Technology to regulate your current supply and stabilizes the voltage, thus optimizing electrical consumption in electrical appliances and machineries in residential, commercial or industrial facilities. Simultaneously, it improves the “power factor” of your electrical supply and minimizes energy wastage in equipments that may be old, faulty or of inferior quality. Hence, it can significantly help reduce your monthly electrical expenses while protecting and prolonging the life span of your equipment investments.

Low power factor is expensive and inefficient. Many utility companies charge an additional fee if your power factor is less than 0.95. Low power factor also reduces your electrical system’s distribution capacity by increasing current flow and causing voltage drops.

How Does It Works?

The Power Saver fine-tunes the electrical system in your home or office. This fine-tuning reduces heat generation, reduces amperage and results in reduction consumption of electricity. It causes less waste of electrical energy while increasing the life of the inductive equipment in your home or office. It protects against power surges and increases the capacity to the electrical panel by making it run cooler. All this means extra money in your pocket. Mini Sun Power Saver is backed with a One year warranty, though the product is likely to last for five years.

The Power Saver unit is designed to provide significant savings on electric bills, increase the life of electrical motors through heat reduction and provide surge protection for the entire home or facility. Using methods employed at large industrial complexes, now reduced to a compact unit, to reclaim and recycle electrical energy. The application has benefits to both the user and the supplier of electrical power.

Power users are benefited through lower power bills; by less heat generated in motors and appliances, which will increase the productive life cycle of these products; with power surge suppression for the whole home or facility.

The technology applied by the Power Saver units uses capacitors to reclaim, store and supply power to inductive motors and loads. This process provides the reactive power (kVAR) required to establish the electromagnetic field (EMF) around the inductive windings of a motor, while reclaiming and recycling the power during the normal working phase. The power reclaimed and recycled by the Mini Sun Power Saver unit would normally be pushed back through the power distribution lines.

As a result of providing reactive power (kVAR) locally, motors run cooler and more efficient. This equates to money savings and longer equipment life.

Features

- Reduce up to 30% electrical consumption
- Stabilize the supply voltage
- Reduce electrical overheating
- Improve efficiency and power factor
- Surge and brown - out protection up to 400 volts A.C
- Reduce waveform distortions and improve harmonies
- Easy to use, maintenance free
- Earth friendly
- Manufacturer Liability Insurance RM1,000,000.00
- One year product warranty

If interested or any queries, please email me at marsyadz@gmail.com OR sms 'saver' and send to 019-2294019

Capacitor Concept

2008-07-07T08:46:00.000-07:00

What Is A Capacitor?

Capacitors are two-terminal electrical elements. Capacitors are essentially two conductors, usually conduction plates - but any two conductors - separated by an insulator - a dielectric - with conection wires connected to the two conducting plates.

At other times, you specifically want to use capacitors because of their frequency dependent behavior. There are lots of situations where we want to design for some specific frequency dependent behavior. Maybe you want to filter out some high frequency noise from a lower frequency signal. Maybe you want to filter out power supply frequencies in a signal running near a 60 Hz line. You're almost certainly going to use a circuit with a capacitor.

Sometimes you can use a capacitor to store energy. In a subway car, an insulator at a track switch may cut off power from the car for a few feet along the line. You might use a large capacitor to store energy to drive the subway car through the insulator in the power feed.

Capacitors are used for all these purposes, and more. Remember capacitors do the following and more.

Store energy

Change their behavior with frequency

Come about naturally in circuits and can change a circuit's behavior

Why Are Capacitors Important?

The capacitor is a widely used electrical component. It has several features that make it useful and important:

A capacitor can store energy, so capacitors are often found in power supplies.

A capacitor has a voltage that is proportional to the charge (the integral of the current) that is stored in the capacitor, so a capacitor can be used to perform interesting computations in op-amp circuits, for example.

Circuits with capacitors exhibit frequency-dependent behavior so that circuits that amplify certain frequencies selectively can be built.

Energy In Capacitors

Storing energy is very important. You count on the energy stored in your gas tank if you drove a car to school or work today. That's an obvious case of energy storage. There are lots of other places where energy is stored. Many of them are not as obvious as the gas tank in a car. Here are a few.

You're reading this on a computer, and the computer keeps track of the date and time. It does that by keeping a small part of the computer running when you think that the computer is turned off. There's a small battery that stores the energy to keep the clock running when everything else is turned off.

If you own a stereo or television that you have to plug into the wall plug, then you should realize that the wall plug voltage becomes zero 120 times a second. When that happens, the system keeps running because there are capacitors inside the system that store energy to carry you through those periods when the line voltage isn't large enough to keep things going!

Capacitors can't really be used to store a lot of energy, but there are many situations in which a capacitor's ability to store energy becomes important. In this lesson we will discuss how much energy a capacitor can store.

Capacitors are often used to store energy.

When relatively small amounts of energy are needed.

Where batteries are not desired because they might deteriorate.

For larger power/short duration applications - as in power supply filters, or to keep power up long enough for a computer to shut down gracefully when the line power fails.

Measuring Power Factor

2008-07-07T08:17:00.000-07:00

Power factor in a single-phase circuit (or balanced three-phase circuit) can be measured with the wattmeter-ammeter-voltmeter method, where the power in watts is divided by the product of measured voltage and current. The power factor of a balanced polyphase circuit is the same as that of any phase. The power factor of an unbalanced polyphase circuit is not uniquely defined.

A direct reading power factor meter can be made with a moving coil meter of the electro-dynamic type, carrying two perpendicular coils on the moving part of the instrument. The field of the instrument is energized by the circuit current flow. The two moving coils, A and B, are connected in parallel with the circuit load. One coil, A, will be connected through a resistor and the second coil, B, through an inductor, so that the current in coil B is delayed with respect to current in A. At unity power factor, the current in A is in phase with the circuit current, and coil A provides maximum torque, driving the instrument pointer toward the 1.0 mark on the scale. At zero power factor, the current in coil B is in phase with circuit current, and coil B provides torque to drive the pointer towards 0. At intermediate values of power factor, the torques provided by the two coils add and the pointer takes up intermediate positions.

Another electromechanical instrument is the polarized-vane type. In this instrument a stationary field coil produces a rotating magnetic field (connected either directly to polyphase voltage sources or to a phase-shifting reactor if a single-phase application). A second stationary field coil carries a current proportional to current in the circuit. The moving system of the instrument consists of two vanes which are magnetized by the current coil. In operation the moving vanes take up a physical angle equivalent to the electrical angle between the voltage source and the current source. This type of instrument can be made to register for currents in both directions, givng a 4-quadrant display of power factor or phase angle.

Digital instruments can be made that either directly measure the time lag between voltage and current waveforms and so calculate the power factor, or by measuring both true and apparent power in the circuit and calculating the quotient. The first method is only accurate if voltage and current are sinusoidal; loads such as rectifiers distort the waveforms from the sinusoidal shape.

Real Power Vs Reactive power

2008-07-04T00:00:00.000-07:00

There are two components of power: reactive power (KVAR) and working power/real power (KW).

Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time.

Reactive power, the nonworking power caused by the magnetizing current, required to operate the device (measured in kilovars, kVAR).

Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit.

These two components combine to formulate Apparent Power (kVA), the total power which the load consumes. Apparent power is equal to the square root (sqrt) of kW2 + kVAR2.

Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power can be greater than the real power.

• Reactive power (kVAR) is used to create EMF in the inductive loads in your home and business. This power performs no "real" work.

• Reactive power, required by inductive loads increase the amount of apparent power (measured in kilovolt amps, kVA) in your distribution system. The increase in reactive and apparent power causes the power factor to decrease.

• Real power (kW) is the power that performs the function of the load, i.e. turns the drive shaft.

The technology applied by the Electricity Power Saver units uses capacitors to reclaim, store and supply power to inductive motors and loads. This process provides the reactive power (kVAR) required to establish the electromagnetic field (EMF) around the inductive windings of a motor, while reclaiming and recycling the power during the normal working phase. The power reclaimed and recycled by the Electricity Power Saver unit would normally be pushed back through the power distribution lines. As a result of providing reactive power (kVAR) locally, motors run cooler and more efficient. This equates to money savings and longer equipment life.

Concept Power Factor

2008-07-03T23:58:00.000-07:00

The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power (kw) to the apparent power (kva), and is a number between 0 and 1 (frequently expressed as a percentage, e.g. 0.5 pf = 50% pf). In other words looking at all the power that a load consumes, how much of it (percentage wise) is used to perform the real work?

Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power can be greater than the real power. Low-power-factor loads increase losses in a power distribution system and result in increased energy costs.

In a purely resistive AC circuit, voltage and current waveforms are in step (or in phase), changing polarity at the same instant in each cycle. Where reactive loads are present, such as with capacitors or inductors, energy storage in the loads result in a time difference between the current and voltage waveforms. This stored energy returns to the source and is not available to do work at the load. Thus, a circuit with a low power factor will have higher currents to transfer a given quantity of real power than a circuit with a high power factor.

Circuits containing purely resistive heating elements (filament lamps, strip heaters, cooking stoves, etc.) have a power factor of 1.0. Circuits containing inductive or capacitive elements (lamp ballasts, motors, etc.) often have a power factor below 1.0. For example, in electric lighting circuits, normal power factor ballasts (NPF) typically have a value of (0.4 - 0.6). Ballasts with a power factor greater than (0.9) are considered as high power factor ballasts (HPF).

Cause of Low Power Factor

Low power factor is caused by inductive loads (such as transformers, electric motors, and high-intensity discharge lighting), which are a major portion of the power consumed in industrial complexes. Unlike resistive loads that create heat by consuming kilowatts, inductive loads require the current to create a magnetic field, and the magnetic field produces the desired work

Why Improve Your Power Factor?

Low power factor is expensive and inefficient. Many utility companies charge an additional fee if your power factor is less than 0.95. Low power factor also reduces your electrical system’s distribution capacity by increasing current flow and causing voltage drops.

The significance of power factor lies in the fact that utility companies supply customers with volt-amperes, but bill them for watts. Power factors below 1.0 require a utility to generate more than the minimum volt-amperes necessary to supply the real power (watts). This increases generation and transmission costs. For example, if the load power factor were as low as 0.7, the apparent power would be 1.4 times the real power used by the load. Line current in the circuit would also be 1.4 times the current required at 1.0 power factor, so the losses in the circuit would be doubled (since they are proportional to the square of the current). Alternatively all components of the system such as generators, conductors, transformers, and switchgear would be increased in size (and cost) to carry the extra current.

Utilities typically charge additional costs to customers who have a power factor below some limit, which is typically 0.9 to 0.95. Engineers are often interested in the power factor of a load as one of the factors that affect the efficiency of power transmission.

Some of the benefits of improving your power factor are as follows:

• Your utility bill will be smaller. Low power factor requires an increase in the electric utility’s generation and transmission capacity to handle the reactive power component caused by inductive loads. Utilities usually charge a penalty fee to customers with power factors less than 0.95. You can avoid this additional fee by increasing your power factor.

• Your electrical system’s branch capacity will increase. Uncorrected power factor will cause power losses in your distribution system. You may experience voltage drops as power losses increase. Excessive voltage drops can cause overheating and premature failure of motors and other inductive equipment.

Correcting Your Power Factor
Some strategies for correcting your power factor are:
• Use Mini Sun Power Saver
• Minimize operation of idling or lightly loaded motors.
• Avoid operation of equipment above its rated voltage

• Replace standard motors as they burn out with energy-efficient motors. Even with energy-efficient motors, however, the power factor is significantly affected by variations in load. A motor must be operated near its rated capacity to realize the benefits of a high power factor design.

• Install capacitors in your AC circuit to decrease the magnitude of reactive power.